Systematic review & meta-analysis

Meta-analysis & systematic review.

The highest level of evidence — with no primary data collection. Evidens runs the entire methodology, from the research question to GRADE, and hands back the complete, documented statistical synthesis for your committee and your article. The writing and the authorship stay 100% yours.

What it is

Systematic review and meta-analysis

They are related but distinct. The systematic review is the method of searching and synthesizing the literature; the meta-analysis is the statistical step that combines the results numerically — and not every systematic review ends in a meta-analysis.

Systematic review method

Identifies, selects and appraises all the relevant literature for a well-defined question, following an explicit and reproducible protocol. It reduces reviewer bias through pre-registered inclusion criteria, a comprehensive search and dual screening. When studies are too heterogeneous to combine, the synthesis can be qualitative (a structured narrative, for example SWiM).

Meta-analysis statistics

It is the quantitative synthesis within the systematic review: it combines the results of multiple studies into a single pooled estimate, with a confidence interval. By bringing the samples together, it gains the statistical power and precision that individual studies lack, and lets you explore why results diverge from one another.

Evidence pyramid
Systematic review & meta-analysiscritical synthesis of all studies
Randomized controlled trials
Cohort studies
Case-control studies
Case series and case reports · expert opinion

Well conducted, a systematic review with meta-analysis sits at the top of the evidence pyramid: it generates no new data, but critically synthesizes what has already been published.

Why it's worth it

The benefits of running a meta-analysis

It is one of the most efficient paths to publishing with impact — especially for those who don't yet have the infrastructure for a primary study.

🏆

Very high level of evidence

It sits at the top of the pyramid and tends to be highly cited, because it synthesizes an entire field into a single reference work — with strong potential impact on your CV and in your area.

🧫

No primary data collection

It works on already published data. Because it uses secondary, aggregate sources, it often does not require contact with patients or IRB/ethics committee approval — always confirm the rules of your institution and target journal.

⏱️

Faster than a primary study

With no recruitment, follow-up or fieldwork, the timeline is shorter and more predictable than that of a cohort study or a clinical trial.

🎓

Feasible without a lab

Accessible to students, residents and graduate students with no infrastructure: what it demands is rigorous methodology and access to bibliographic databases — not a lab bench or field funding.

📈

Strengthens your CV

It produces a substantial publication with first-line authorship, adds weight to your academic record and opens doors to selection processes, grants and academic advancement.

🔎

Answers what a single study can't

By pooling several samples, it resolves disagreements in the literature, estimates the effect more precisely and maps the gaps that justify future research.

What Evidens does

We run the meta-analysis from start to finish

You bring the question and the topic; Evidens executes every methodological step with reporting rigor (PRISMA 2020) and delivers the complete, documented statistical synthesis. We walk you through each stage, transparently, so you can understand, write up and defend every decision.

1

Question & eligibility

We frame the question in PICO/PECO and define the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the primary and secondary outcomes and the study designs to include.

2

Protocol registration

We structure the protocol with you and register it on PROSPERO (or an equivalent platform), following PRISMA-P, ensuring transparency and priority for your project before the search begins.

3

Search strategy

We build the search syntax (MeSH/Emtree and free-text terms, Boolean operators) and run it across multiple databases — PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus and Web of Science, with hand-searching of references.

4

Selection & PRISMA flow diagram

Screening by two independent reviewers, with conflict resolution, documented in the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram (identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion).

5

Data extraction

Standardized extraction on a pre-defined form: study characteristics, population, intervention/exposure, outcomes and effect measures with their variances.

6

Risk of bias

Assessment with the right tool for the design: RoB 2 for randomized trials, ROBINS-I for observational studies and QUADAS-2 for diagnostic accuracy.

7

Meta-analysis

Pooling of effects with the appropriate model — fixed effect vs. random effects — on the right scale: OR, RR, HR, MD, SMD or proportion, depending on the outcome.

8

Heterogeneity

We quantify between-study heterogeneity with , Cochran's Q and tau², and interpret what it means for confidence in the pooled estimate.

9

Subgroups & meta-regression

Subgroup analyses and meta-regression to investigate sources of heterogeneity, plus sensitivity analyses (e.g., leave-one-out) to test robustness.

10

Publication bias

Assessment via funnel plot, Egger's test and trim-and-fill when the number of studies allows, to estimate the impact of unpublished studies.

11

Certainty of evidence

Rating of confidence in the body of evidence with GRADE, with the Summary of Findings table by outcome.

12

Documentation & delivery

We deliver the figures, the tables and the documentation of every methodological decision, organized by the PRISMA 2020 checklist — the complete foundation for you to write Methods and Results.

What you receive

🌲

Forest plot

Each study's effect and the pooled estimate, with weights and confidence intervals.

🔻

Funnel plot

Funnel plot for inspecting publication bias, with Egger's test reported.

📋

Summary of Findings

Summary of Findings table by outcome, with the GRADE certainty rating.

🗺️

PRISMA flow diagram

Diagram of study identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion.

📊

Risk-of-bias tables

Summary by domain (RoB 2 / ROBINS-I / QUADAS-2) and by study.

🗂️

Methodological dossier

Every decision documented per PRISMA 2020, ready to support your write-up of Methods and Results.

Methodological consulting, no co-authorship. Evidens handles the methodology and the statistics — the authorship, the credit and the scientific responsibility remain entirely yours. We work transparently so you understand and can defend every step, and we suggest only acknowledging the methodological assistance in the acknowledgments. Because a meta-analysis uses published, aggregate data, there is no handling of patient data; when you send us extraction spreadsheets, they are processed in compliance with applicable data-protection law (LGPD/GDPR).
Who it's for

Built for your academic moment

From a first publication to a thesis — a meta-analysis fits almost every stage of a career.

Medical studentA first substantial publication, without relying on a lab or a database of your own.
ResidentA high-level-of-evidence project that fits alongside the routine of residency.
Physician & researcherA reference synthesis that consolidates your research line and generates citations.
Graduate studentA systematic-review chapter for the dissertation or thesis, ready for the committee.
Let's begin

Ready for your meta-analysis?

Tell us the topic and the research question. We reply by email with the scope, the timeline and the quote — and stay with you from the protocol to submission.